It is impossible to understand Islamic constitutionalism without understanding Islam. It is impossible to understand traditional African constitutionalism without understanding supernatural beliefs there, particularly witchcraft. The speaker would present a model of how witchcraft beliefs are related to political authority in Africa and some evidence based on his ongoing research in the Congo. He will also try to draw some broad conclusions about what factors create differences in the nature of constitutions in different parts of the world and what the consequences of this are for social welfare.